The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah & The Clear Victory (Fath Mubeen)

The Prophet ﷺ and 1,400 companions set out unarmed dressed in simple Ihram to perform Umrah. Quraysh blocked them at Hudaybiyyah. When rumors spread that his envoy Uthman ibn Affan was murdered, the Prophet ﷺ took the sacred pledge **Bay'at al-Ridwan** under an acacia tree, where all 1,400 Sahabah pledged to stand by him to the death. Quraysh sent Suhayl ibn Amr to negotiate a 10-year non-aggression pact with seemingly unfavorable clauses (Muslims return this year without Umrah; extradition of Makkan converts). The Prophet's transcendent foresight accepted every condition for peace. On the return journey, Surah Al-Fath was revealed: 'Verily, We have granted you a clear victory!' Within two years of peace, more people embraced Islam than in the previous 18 years combined.